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Ulric Gustav Neisser (December 8, 1928 – February 17, 2012) the “father of cognitive psychology”, was born in Kiel, Germany, December 8, 1928. He was an American psychologist and member of the US National Academy of Sciences. In 1967, Neisser published ''Cognitive Psychology'', which Neisser later said was considered an attack on behaviorist psychological paradigms.〔Szokolsky, A. (2013). Interview with Ulric Neisser. Ecological Psychology, 25, 182-199. Doi: 10.1080/10407413.2013.780498 〕 Neisser researched and wrote about perception and memory. He posited that a person’s mental processes could be measured and subsequently analyzed.〔Martin, D. (2012, February 25). Ulric Neisser Is Dead at 83; Reshaped Study of the Mind. The New York Times. Pp. A20. 〕 ''Cognitive Psychology'' brought Neisser instant fame and recognition in the field of psychology.〔 While ''Cognitive Psychology'' was considered unconventional, it was Neisser’s ''Cognition and Reality'' that contained some of Neisser’s most controversial ideas.〔 A main theme in ''Cognition and Reality'' is Neisser’s advocacy for experiments on perception occurring in natural ("ecologically valid") settings.〔 Neisser postulated that memory is, largely, reconstructed and not a snap shot of the moment.〔 Neisser illustrated this during one of his highly publicized studies on people’s memories of the Challenger explosion. In his later career, he summed up current research on human intelligence and edited the first major scholarly monograph on the Flynn effect. A ''Review of General Psychology'' survey, published in 2002, ranked Neisser as the 32nd most cited psychologist of the 20th century. == Early life == Ulric Gustav Neisser was born in Kiel, Germany, on December 8, 1928. Neisser’s father, Hans Neisser, was a distinguished Jewish economist who had predicted Hitler's militaristic actions in Europe and as a precaution Hans emigrated to the United States of America in 1933.〔Fancher, R.E., Rutherford, A. (4th ed., 2012). Pioneers of Psychology (pp. 635-645). New York, NY: W.W. Norton. 〕 Neisser’s mother, Charlotte (“Lotte”) Neisser, was a lapsed Catholic who had been very active in women’s movement in Germany and had a degree in sociology.〔Lindzey, G., Runyan, W.M. (Eds.)(2007). A history of psychology in autobiography, Vol 9, (pp. 269-301). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. 〕 Neisser’s parents married in 1923. Neisser also had an older sister, Marianne, who was born in 1924.〔 Neisser was a chubby little kid so he adopted a name that translates exactly into that, “Der kleiner Dickie”.〔Cutting, J. E. (2012). Ulric Neisser (1928–2012). American Psychologist, 67(6), doi:10.1037/a0029351 〕 This later was reduced to just “Dick.” Neisser’s father left Germany very quickly; the rest of the family joined him in England a few months later. They sailed to the United States on an ocean liner called, “Hamburg,” arriving in New York on September 15, 1933.〔 Neisser’s main goal growing up was to fit in and succeed in America. He took a particular interest in baseball, which is thought to have played an “indirect but important role in the psychological interests” of his.〔 Neisser’s appeal for baseball enlightened him to an idea he would later call a “flashbulb memory”.〔 Neisser’s name originally had an “h” on the end (Ulrich), but he believed that it was too German and most of his friends could not properly pronounce his name, so he eventually dropped the “h”.〔 Lindzey and Runyan also noted that Neisser also had the nickname “Dick.”〔 Neisser stated that both “Ulric” (without the “h”) and “Dick” were natural to him. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ulric Neisser」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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